代做MATH 524, Fall 2024 Nonparametric Statistics HW-2代做留学生SQL 程序
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Nonparametric Statistics
Second assignment, due Monday, October 21, 2024, noon
1. In a study of the comparative tensile strength of tape-closed and su- tured wounds, the following results were obtained on 10 rats, 40 days after incisions on their backs had been closed by suture or by surgical tape. [These data are from a paper by Ury and Forrester published in The American Statistician, vol. 24 (1970), pp. 25–26].
Rat number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tape: |
659 |
984 |
397 |
574 |
447 |
479 |
676 |
761 |
647 |
577 |
Suture: |
452 |
587 |
460 |
787 |
351 |
277 |
234 |
516 |
577 |
513 |
Test the hypothesis of no effect against the alternative that the tape- closed wounds are stronger using the sign test and Wilcoxon’s signed- rank test. Without showing detailed calculations, state the results of the same tests when the tensile strength of each of the taped wounds
is decreased by a) 5 units; b) 10 units. Comment.
2. In the above study of the effect of tape closing on wounds, use the Nor- mal approximation to determine for what values of Wilcoxon’s signed- rank test statistic the null hypothesis of no effect should be rejected at
the 5% significance level when a) N = 20; b) N = 40; c) N = 60.
3. Suppose that in the comparison of a new headache remedy with a standard one, the expressions of preference for the new drug by nine subjects are as follows:
The new remedy is...
much more efficient |
1 |
somewhat more efficient |
4 |
no better nor worse |
2 |
somewhat less efficient |
1 |
much less efficient |
1 |
... than the standard remedy
Show how Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test statistic, Vs* , can be used in this case, and find its p-value.
4. The following data report the weight (in lbs) that 12 first-graders were able to lift before and after an 8-week muscle-training program. [These data are from a paper by Schweid, Vignos, and Archibald in the Amer- ican Journal of Physical Medicine, vol. 41 (1962), pp. 189–197.]
Before: |
14.4 |
15.9 |
14.4 |
13.9 |
16.6 |
17.4 |
After: |
20.4 |
22.9 |
19.4 |
24.4 |
25.1 |
20.9 |
Before: |
18.6 |
20.4 |
20.4 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
14.1 |
After: |
24.6 |
24.4 |
24.9 |
19.9 |
21.4 |
21.4 |
Determine the values of the estimators θ(¯), θ(˜), and θ(ˆ) of θ, under the
assumption that Pr(D ≤ x) = L(x−θ) can be expressed in terms of the cumulative distribution function L of a distribution that is symmetric with respect to the origin.
5. Prove that the power function Π(∆) = Pr(Vs ≥ v | ∆) of Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test is non-decreasing in ∆ and such that if the nominal level of the test is comprised between 2 −N and 1 − 2−N , Π(∆) → 0 or
1 as ∆ → −∞ or +∞, respectively.
6. The shift model for paired data (X, Y) consists in assuming that there exists a constant ∆ ∈ [0, ∞) for which the distribution of Y − ∆ is the same as the distribution of X . In this context, it can be shown that the Pitman efficiency of the sign test with respect to Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test is given by
where Z = Y − X has distribution L under H0 : ∆ = 0 and ℓ denotes the corresponding density.
a) Compute eS,V (L) when L is Cauchy, Normal, and Uniform.
b) Show that eS,V (L) ≥ 1/3 when L is unimodal.
c) By considering densities defined, for all z ∈ R and α ∈ (0, ∞), by
show that eS,V (L) can be arbitrarily large, and interpret the result.