代做IMM250 Science & Society Term Paper Topic and Guidelines (2024-2025)代写C/C++语言
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Controlling the Cholera Crisis: A Global Challenge
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has identified the current upsurge in Cholera outbreaks from 2021 to date as an area of concern for public health. Despite the successes in controlling cholera over the last few decades, the disease has re-emerged in endemic and non-endemic regions where cases have not been seen for years. Cholera outbreaks can run rampant in conditions of poor sanitation, where the only available option for drinking water is likely unsafe for consumption. These conditions are common in times of conflict and poverty and can be compounded by the effects of urbanization, climate change and extreme climate events from droughts to floods, and in the aftermath of major storms.
Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium that is found in stagnant water bodies or reservoirs where the source is contaminated with either animal or human fecal waste. Infection occurs when this water or cross-contaminated food is consumed and can result in mild to severe disease or even be asymptomatic. For patients with symptoms, there are a range of antibiotics that can be used for treatment but resistance to many if not all these antibiotics is another cause for concern worldwide. According to the WHO, the global risk for cholera is very high and the need for action is critical; they have set an ambitious target date of 2030 for a 90% reduction in deaths and cholera elimination in high-risk countries. Is this achievable?
Prompts: In your Science and Society Paper, consider how V. cholerae causes disease and how it spreads. What are the clinical manifestations of cholera, and how is it diagnosed? How does our immune system combat this bacterial infection? How do we test for and treat cholera? Are effective vaccines available or are they still in the developmental pipeline? Make sure to go into sufficient detail and use a variety of resources (both academic and non-academic) to support your work.
You might also want to think about access to treatment in areas of poverty and conflict, where only limited access to well-resourced testing and treatment facilities may be available. What factors could pose additional challenges to disease control, and how can some of these obstacles be overcome? How have the effects of extreme weather events and climate change aided the current upsurge in cholera outbreaks across the globe? What does this mean in terms of the burden to public health? Use specific examples and give an in-depth overview based on your chosen narrative and style (see below).
Use of generative AI tools: The work you submit for this assignment must be your own and may not include any content from generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, either verbatim or with edits. You may, however, use generative AI to support your work to create an outline for the assignment, but the final submitted assignment must be original work that is correctly referenced and produced by you alone.
Any use of generative AI must be documented in an appendix for your assignment. The documentation should include what tool(s) was/were used, how they were used, and how the ideas generated by the AI were incorporated into the submitted work.
Please note that any uses of generative AI beyond the above is NOT permitted and will be considered unauthorized aid, which is an academic offence. Submissions will be assessed at the discretion of the course coordinator, and students will be asked to show evidence of their work if a case of Academic Integrity and the inappropriate use of generative AI tools is suspected. If you are unsure about whether using generative AI tools is right for your work, please discuss this with Dr. Amith first.
Format: 1,800 words +/- 10%; double-spaced; 1-inch margins; 12 pt Times. Your paper can refer to any assigned course content (required/recommended readings (e.g., papers, textbook), references provided on slides), or additional references that you find on your own. Please do NOT reference lecture slides.
Assignment Content: Your assignment can be approached in several ways, including (but not limited to) the above prompts where you can focus on:
1. Pathogenesis: How does V. cholerae cause cholera? Focusing on this aspect should include a detailed discussion of anti-bacterial immune responses in humans, specific to cholera, on a cellular and molecular level in asymptomatic to severe disease, as the disease progresses.
2. Transmission: How does poor sanitation and lack of access to safe drinking water contribute to the spread of disease? What environmental or educational measures need to be put into place to control the spread of cholera and prevent outbreaks? Is transmission in endemic versus non-endemic countries different?
3. Epidemiological factors: What epidemiological factors determine occurrence rates, distribution, and spread of cholera in endemic compared to non-endemic regions? Do historical trends match what we are currently seeing? Discuss the factors that might be contributing to changes in the epidemiology of cholera specifically compared to waterborne bacterial diarrhoeal diseases in general.
4. Treatment and prevention: What are the effects of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of cholera worldwide? Are there risk factors that might make certain people more susceptible to infection? You can also consider how immune responses might differ in healthy versus vulnerable or immunocompromised populations, and what that might mean in terms of treatment. Are vaccines available and how inclusive is access to vaccines to prevent potential future outbreaks?
5. A ‘holistic approach’: where you can discuss any combination of 2 to 3 of the above points and explore key points in some depth, as per word limits.
Your paper will be assessed using the criteria detailed in the rubric on the next page.
For the Scientific Content (worth 50%) of your Science & Society term paper, consider the above prompts use them as a starting point for your own work. You do not have to discuss every single prompt listed – just discuss those points that fit best into the story you are telling. Remember that your target readership is a non-scientific audience, so you will need to explain any complex scientific terms and concepts in a way that anyone (regardless of their scientific background or expertise) can understand.
You can choose any Tone and Style (worth 20%) for your work; it can be a more traditional academic style, or you can set an informal non-academic tone, as long as it fits with your overall narrative. For example, your work can be in the form of a descriptive essay, an investigative report (like a news article), a case study, a blog, a podcast transcript, or an interview with a scientist, clinician, or patient. You also have the option of including figures or infographics in your work – you may want to use this opportunity to create something original based on your readings. Make the most of this creative freedom and give us an original take on Controlling the Cholera Crisis.
(Originality and Creativity, worth 10%)
Use of Sources and Accuracy of Information (worth 20%) Make sure that the resources you use are well-balanced between academic and non-academic works. Sources must be cited in-text, and included in a list of references at the end in Vancouver reference format. Note that your work will be submitted to the plagiarism detection tool Turnitin to check for similarity to other published works; a similarity score of 25% or less (including your references) is considered acceptable.