代写Math 245 - Linear Algebra - Review questions for Exam 3代做留学生Matlab程序
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1. Circle your choice. No explanation required.
(1) True–False: If A is an n X n orthogonal matrix, then IAu I = IuI for all u in Rn
(2) True – False: If A is a symmetric matrix, then C(A)T = N(A).
(3) True – False: An n X n matrix with real eigenvalues is symmetric.
(4) True – False: If a matrix is orthogonally diagonalizable, then it is sym- metric.
(5) True – False: The inverse of a symmetric matrix is symmetric.
(6) True – False: An n X n matrix which is orthogonally diagonalizable is symmetric.
(7) True – False: If a x e C(A), then the orthogonal projection of x onto C(A) is x.
(8) True – False: The orthogonal projection of a vector y onto a vector u is a scalar multiple of y.
(9) True – False: If A is an 4 X 5 matrix then every x e R4 can be written as y + z, where y e N(A) and z e R(A).
(10) True – False: If x e N(A) then the orthogonal projection of x onto R(A) is 0.
(11) True – False: If A = AT and Au = u and Av = —v, then u · v = 0.
(12) True – False: The least squares solution to Ax = b is the point in the column space of A closest to b.
(13) True – False: In the QR factorization A = QR, the closest vector in the column space of A to x is QQTx.
(14) True – False: If a 2 X 2 symmetric matrix A has one positive and one
negative eigenvalue, then the curve [x, y] A = 1 is a hyperbola.
(15) True – False: If A = AT and A2 = 0,then A = 0.
(16) True – False: If A is an n X n symmetric matrix with positive eigenvalues, then Au · u ≥ 0 for all u in Rn .
(17) True – False: If a square matrix has orthonormal columns, it has orthonor- mal rows.
(18) True – False: If W is a subspace of Rn, then W and W⊥ have no vectors in common.
(19) True – False: An n X n symmetric matrix has distinct real eigenvalues.
(20) True – False: Any orthogonal matrix is orthogonallydiagonalizable.
2. Find basis for each of the four fundamental subspacesR(A), C(A), N(A), N(AT) for
3. Suppose A is an 6 x 6 matrix and there are b so that the system Ax = bhas no solution. Answer the following questions with sufficient explanations.
(a) What can you say about the rank of A?
(b) What can you say about the null space of A?
(c) Does ATx = 0 have solutions other than x = 0?
(d) Does ATx = bhave a solution for every b?
4. Use the Gram-Schmidt process (by hand) to orthonormalize the following ba- sis for R3: {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1)}.
5. Compute the orthogonal complement of the row space of the matrix
6. Let
Find a u e R(A) and a v e N(A) so that u + v = (1, 1, 1, 1).
7. Let S = {(x1, x2, x3, x4) e R4 : x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0}.
(a) Find a basis for S.
(b) Find a basis for S⊥.
(c) Find the orthogonal projection of the vector (1, 2, 一1, 3) onto S.
(d) Find the orthogonal projection of the vector (1, 2, 一1, 3) onto S⊥.
8. Let S = {(x, y, z) : x 一 y 一 z = 0}.
(a) Show that S is a subspace of R3 .
(b) Find a closest point in S to (1, 0, 0).
(c) Find a basis for S⊥.
9. Let S = {(x, y, z, w) e R4 : x + 2y = 0, 一z + 2w = 0}.
(a) Find a basis for S⊥.
(b) Find the closest point in S⊥ to (1, 0, 0, 0).
10. Find a basis for the set of vectors in R4 which are perpendicular to (1, 1, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 1, 1). Find the projection of the vector (1, 1, 0, 9) onto this subspace,
11. Let
S = {(x, y, z, w) e R4 : x +2y 一 z + w = 0, 2x +4y 一 3z = 0, x +2y+ z +5w = 0}.
Find a basis for S⊥.
12. For the matrix
with reduced form.
find the orthogonal projection of the vector (2, 0, 0) onto the column space of A. 13. Let w1, · · · , wn be n real numbers such that and let
The n X n matrix H = I — 2WWT is called the Householder matrix.
(a) Show that H is a symmetric matrix.
(b) Show that H is an orthogonal matrix.
14. Suppose A is an n X n diagonalizable matrix with eigenvalues λ1, · · · , λn . Compute det eA . Be sure to explain what you are doing.
(b) Let A be the following 3 X 3 matrix:
One can show (you don’thave to) that det(λI — A) = (λ — 3)(λ — 6)(λ — 9). Find a matrix W so that WTAW is a diagonal matrix.
15. For the matrix
find a matrix Q so that QTAQis a diagonal matrix.
16. Find the QR factorization of
17. Find the QR factorization of
18. Find the QR factorization of
19. Write the matrix
as
where Q is an orthogonal matrix.
20. Let
(a) Find a matrix Q such that
(b) Find a matrix B such that B3 = A.
21. Draw the curve 3x2 - 2xy + 3y2 = 4. Be sure to identify all appropriate axis. 22. Draw, as accurately as possible, the curve 3x2 + 8xy + 3y2 = 28.
23. Use linear algebra to draw the curve x2 + xy + y2 = 1.
24. Use linear algebra to draw the curve x2 + xy + y2 = 1.
25. Draw the curve 3x2 - 2xy + 3y2 = 4. Be sure to identify all appropriate axis.
26. If λ1 and λ2 are the eigenvalues of the matrix what type of curve is
ax2 + 2bxy + cy2 = 1 when λ1 λ2 < 0?
27. Solve the least squares problem
28. Consider the linear system
(a) Prove there is no solution to this system.
(b) Find the least squares solution to this system.
29. Suppose {v1, v2, v3} forms a basis for R3. For a particular vector v ∈ V, we suppose the following: v · v1 = 2, v · v2 = −1, v · v3 = 4. Compute the following.
a. ∥v ∥
b. The orthogonal projection of v onto the space spanned by v1 and v2 . c. The angle between v and v1 .
d. v1(⊥) .
e. {v1, v2, v3}⊥ .
30. Find the singular value decomposition of
and find an orthonormal basis for each of the four fundamental subspaces.
31. Find the singular value decomposition of
and find an orthonormal basis for each of the four fundamental subspaces.
32. Find the singular value decomposition of
and find an orthonormal basis for each of the four fundamental subspaces.
33. Find the singular value decomposition of
and find an orthonormal basis for each of the four fundamental subspaces.
34. Suppose A is square and invertible. Find the singular value decomposition of A−1 in terms of A.
35. Show that if A is square then |det A| is the product of the singular values of A.