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Research Assignment
Introduction
Digital technologies have become ubiquitous in daily life. Most of you carry a smartphone,
some of you wear a smartwatch, and you may even drive cars that can steer and brake
autonomously. All of these solutions exist because of rapid advances in computing power and
data that are being captured and curated constantly. Brought together, we now have the ability
to capture and analyse data, quite literally, in the blink of an eye. This encroachment of
technology into our lives is also seen in healthcare. Or at the very least, and especially where
it concerns so-called big data, is desired in healthcare.
Health data is part of your digital shadow; that unique amorphous collection of data each
individual is constantly creating through their traceable digital activities and online interactions,
often without realising it. Health data is created both within and outside the healthcare setting.
That smartwatch you are wearing? Most smartwatches today capture your physical movement
and exercise patterns, your heartbeat, your peripheral body temperature and in some cases,
your blood oxygen saturation and a rudimentary form of capillary blood pressure. Newer cars
have driver-facing cameras that capture images of your face and through analysis of where
you are looking and your pupillary size and response, compute values that represent your
alertness level and whether your attention is focused on potential hazards in the road ahead.
Those monitors you connect to a patient in theatre or a neonate in the NICU? Most
manufactured in the last several years have the ability to interconnect with other hospital
computing systems, and many can record telemetry data directly into suitably configured
electronic health records systems. Already today we see cardiotocograph (CTG) monitoring
in the maternity unit recording directly into platforms such as those provided by K2 and
Badgernet. These digital health tools are also capable of identifying and alerting midwives to
suspicious and abnormal changes in the foetal heart trace through intelligent data analysis
using Dawes-Redman and other established algorithms.
The following work from the literature could set the groundwork for the issues that you may
want to investigate in your assignment:
? Manteghinejad A, Javanmard SH. Challenges and opportunities of digital health in a
post-COVID19 world. J Res Med Sci. 2021 Feb 16;26:11. doi:
10.4103/jrms.JRMS_1255_20. PMID: 34084190; PMCID: PMC8103966.
Digital health as a rapidly growing medical field relies comprehensively on human health data.
Conventionally, the collection of health data is mediated by officially diagnostic instruments,
operated by health professionals in clinical environments and under strict regulatory conditions.
Mobile health, telemedicine, and other smart devices with Internet connections are becoming the
future choices for collecting patient information. Progress of technologies has facilitated
smartphones, wearable devices, and miniaturized health-care devices. These devices allow the
gathering of an individual's health-care information at the patient's home. The data from these
devices will be huge, and by integrating such enormous data using Artificial Intelligence, more
detailed phenotyping of disease and more personalized medicine will be realistic. The future of
medicine will be progressively more digital, and recognizing the importance of digital technology
in this field and pandemic preparedness planning has become urgent.
This Assignment
For this assignment you are required to identify and investigate a problem related to an
application of one of the following in a front-line or clinical healthcare setting:
1. medical data - large collections of a specific type of health-related or medical data
2. patient records - large collections of electronic health or medical records (EHR/EMR)
3. an application of digital health technology used in patient care within the NHS or a
similar national health service that incorporates:
a. machine learning
b. artificial intelligence
c. internet of things (IoT)
The problem should relate to and affect or impact your area of clinical practice. However, if
you are unable to identify a suitable problem specifically within your practice area, you may
consider one that is peripheral to your practice - but should be something for which you can
identify people who can describe the impact or effect the issue has had on their clinical
practice.
Part A
To successfully complete this part of your assignment, you should achieve the following:
1. Identify a problem or a challenging issue in one of the three areas specified above and
provide:
a. an introduction to and background for the problem (what, when and where),
and;
b. a description of the problem from the perspective of its effect on your practice
(how and why).
2. Propose an approach, methodology or experiment for the investigation you will
undertake in Part B of this assignment.
Word Count (this part): ................................................................................................... 1,000
Proportion of final grade: ................................................................................ weighting 30%
Component pass mark: .................................................................................................... 50%
Important Dates - Part A:
Submission Date: ...................................................................................... 17
th
February 2025
Handback Date: ........................................................................................ 28
st
February 2025
Part B
To successfully complete this part of your assignment, you should achieve the following:
1. Using the academic literature, demonstrate whether the problem or challenging issue
relating to digital health technology:
a. has been previously described and, if so, provide a review and summary of that
literature;
b. the scope and breadth of the problem in your and other areas of healthcare.
2. Provide a critical evaluation of the potential and actual issues that arise from the
problem or challenging issue including discussion of the possible causes for and
impact of the problem on clinical practice, patient care and outcomes.
3. Suggest ways that the identified impact/s could be reduced or mitigated.
4. Discuss any ethical issues that might apply to the identified problem or issue and the
impact on clinical practice and patient care, with a focus on realising the impact on
individual stakeholders (doctor, nurse, patient, patient s family).
Word Count (this part): ................................................................................................... 3,000
Total Word Count (incorporating content from both Part A and Part B): ........................ 4,000
Proportion of final grade: ................................................................................ weighting 70%
Component pass mark: .................................................................................................... 50%
Important Dates - Part B:
Submission Date: .......................................................................................... 28
th
March 2025
Handback Date: ................................................................................................. 7
th
April 2025
However, when submitting your response to Part B you are required to present your final
complete assignment incorporating the material corresponding to your responses to both Part
A and Part B as an academic paper. The IEEE conference proceedings template for Microsoft
Word in A4 must be used, and can be found at:
https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/conferences/conference-template-
Submission Requirements and Suggestions
Thereis no set template for submissions to Part A.
a4.docx
Additional Resources
The Assignment area on KEATS will provide you three additional resources (reproduced with
permission)
The total word count (4,000 words) is derived fromincorporation and aggregation of both your
Part A(Introduction, Description/Motivation and Method) and Part B (Results, Discussion and
Conclusion) responses. References and Abstract are not included in the word count.
To improve the quality of your write-up and to succinctly present a complex aspect of your
workyou should use at least one visual aid, such as a diagram.
:
1. Professor Fenton s guide: Improving Your Technical Writing Skills
This short document describes the basic principles of good writing, targeted towards
students and researchers who are preparing technical reports and academic research
documents.
2. Professor Norris guide: The Literature Review
This short guide provides a basic and easy to understand explanation of how to
undertake the type of literature review necessary to most academic research.
3. Professor Bettany-Saltikov s guide: How to do a Systematic Literature Review in
Nursing
An extract from this text will be provided to further guide and develop your skills in
evaluation of sources and writing up your results.
Assessment Criteria
The following table provides the assessment criteria and marking rubric that will be applied when
grading your submissions:
Research Assignment
Introduction
Digital technologies have become ubiquitous in daily life. Most of you carry a smartphone,
some of you wear a smartwatch, and you may even drive cars that can steer and brake
autonomously. All of these solutions exist because of rapid advances in computing power and
data that are being captured and curated constantly. Brought together, we now have the ability
to capture and analyse data, quite literally, in the blink of an eye. This encroachment of
technology into our lives is also seen in healthcare. Or at the very least, and especially where
it concerns so-called big data, is desired in healthcare.
Health data is part of your digital shadow; that unique amorphous collection of data each
individual is constantly creating through their traceable digital activities and online interactions,
often without realising it. Health data is created both within and outside the healthcare setting.
That smartwatch you are wearing? Most smartwatches today capture your physical movement
and exercise patterns, your heartbeat, your peripheral body temperature and in some cases,
your blood oxygen saturation and a rudimentary form of capillary blood pressure. Newer cars
have driver-facing cameras that capture images of your face and through analysis of where
you are looking and your pupillary size and response, compute values that represent your
alertness level and whether your attention is focused on potential hazards in the road ahead.
Those monitors you connect to a patient in theatre or a neonate in the NICU? Most
manufactured in the last several years have the ability to interconnect with other hospital
computing systems, and many can record telemetry data directly into suitably configured
electronic health records systems. Already today we see cardiotocograph (CTG) monitoring
in the maternity unit recording directly into platforms such as those provided by K2 and
Badgernet. These digital health tools are also capable of identifying and alerting midwives to
suspicious and abnormal changes in the foetal heart trace through intelligent data analysis
using Dawes-Redman and other established algorithms.
The following work from the literature could set the groundwork for the issues that you may
want to investigate in your assignment:
? Manteghinejad A, Javanmard SH. Challenges and opportunities of digital health in a
post-COVID19 world. J Res Med Sci. 2021 Feb 16;26:11. doi:
10.4103/jrms.JRMS_1255_20. PMID: 34084190; PMCID: PMC8103966.
Digital health as a rapidly growing medical field relies comprehensively on human health data.
Conventionally, the collection of health data is mediated by officially diagnostic instruments,
operated by health professionals in clinical environments and under strict regulatory conditions.
Mobile health, telemedicine, and other smart devices with Internet connections are becoming the
future choices for collecting patient information. Progress of technologies has facilitated
smartphones, wearable devices, and miniaturized health-care devices. These devices allow the
gathering of an individual's health-care information at the patient's home. The data from these
devices will be huge, and by integrating such enormous data using Artificial Intelligence, more
detailed phenotyping of disease and more personalized medicine will be realistic. The future of
medicine will be progressively more digital, and recognizing the importance of digital technology
in this field and pandemic preparedness planning has become urgent.
This Assignment
For this assignment you are required to identify and investigate a problem related to an
application of one of the following in a front-line or clinical healthcare setting:
1. medical data - large collections of a specific type of health-related or medical data
2. patient records - large collections of electronic health or medical records (EHR/EMR)
3. an application of digital health technology used in patient care within the NHS or a
similar national health service that incorporates:
a. machine learning
b. artificial intelligence
c. internet of things (IoT)
The problem should relate to and affect or impact your area of clinical practice. However, if
you are unable to identify a suitable problem specifically within your practice area, you may
consider one that is peripheral to your practice - but should be something for which you can
identify people who can describe the impact or effect the issue has had on their clinical
practice.
Part A
To successfully complete this part of your assignment, you should achieve the following:
1. Identify a problem or a challenging issue in one of the three areas specified above and
provide:
a. an introduction to and background for the problem (what, when and where),
and;
b. a description of the problem from the perspective of its effect on your practice
(how and why).
2. Propose an approach, methodology or experiment for the investigation you will
undertake in Part B of this assignment.
Word Count (this part): ................................................................................................... 1,000
Proportion of final grade: ................................................................................ weighting 30%
Component pass mark: .................................................................................................... 50%
Important Dates - Part A:
Submission Date: ...................................................................................... 17
th
February 2025
Handback Date: ........................................................................................ 28
st
February 2025
Part B
To successfully complete this part of your assignment, you should achieve the following:
1. Using the academic literature, demonstrate whether the problem or challenging issue
relating to digital health technology:
a. has been previously described and, if so, provide a review and summary of that
literature;
b. the scope and breadth of the problem in your and other areas of healthcare.
2. Provide a critical evaluation of the potential and actual issues that arise from the
problem or challenging issue including discussion of the possible causes for and
impact of the problem on clinical practice, patient care and outcomes.
3. Suggest ways that the identified impact/s could be reduced or mitigated.
4. Discuss any ethical issues that might apply to the identified problem or issue and the
impact on clinical practice and patient care, with a focus on realising the impact on
individual stakeholders (doctor, nurse, patient, patient s family).
Word Count (this part): ................................................................................................... 3,000
Total Word Count (incorporating content from both Part A and Part B): ........................ 4,000
Proportion of final grade: ................................................................................ weighting 70%
Component pass mark: .................................................................................................... 50%
Important Dates - Part B:
Submission Date: .......................................................................................... 28
th
March 2025
Handback Date: ................................................................................................. 7
th
April 2025
However, when submitting your response to Part B you are required to present your final
complete assignment incorporating the material corresponding to your responses to both Part
A and Part B as an academic paper. The IEEE conference proceedings template for Microsoft
Word in A4 must be used, and can be found at:
https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/conferences/conference-template-
Submission Requirements and Suggestions
Thereis no set template for submissions to Part A.
a4.docx
Additional Resources
The Assignment area on KEATS will provide you three additional resources (reproduced with
permission)
The total word count (4,000 words) is derived fromincorporation and aggregation of both your
Part A(Introduction, Description/Motivation and Method) and Part B (Results, Discussion and
Conclusion) responses. References and Abstract are not included in the word count.
To improve the quality of your write-up and to succinctly present a complex aspect of your
workyou should use at least one visual aid, such as a diagram.
:
1. Professor Fenton s guide: Improving Your Technical Writing Skills
This short document describes the basic principles of good writing, targeted towards
students and researchers who are preparing technical reports and academic research
documents.
2. Professor Norris guide: The Literature Review
This short guide provides a basic and easy to understand explanation of how to
undertake the type of literature review necessary to most academic research.
3. Professor Bettany-Saltikov s guide: How to do a Systematic Literature Review in
Nursing
An extract from this text will be provided to further guide and develop your skills in
evaluation of sources and writing up your results.
Assessment Criteria
The following table provides the assessment criteria and marking rubric that will be applied when
grading your submissions: